The aims of sustainable cities and communities (UN Sustainable Development Goal: SDG 11), the decarbonization of the economy and society (SDG 7), and other environmental concerns, cut across different public policy areas that are relevant at national and international levels. Importantly, they are in line with the Green Deal announced by the European Commission.
In this transition to sustainable development, public policies must play a role either directly through the public administration (e.g. public investment), or indirectly through public incentives (e.g. green taxation, etc.), so that private economic agents’ interests are aligned with this fundamental structural economic and societal change.