In this area, we investigate the impact that policies, legal frameworks and institutions may have on income and wealth inequalities, access to basic services and other types of inequalities, including gender and race. Among others, it explores and employs microsimulation techniques and models to assess the impact of policies and predict policy options in perspective. In particular, it analyzes options for reforming pension systems, the distributive impact of changes in fiscal systems and policies, organizational changes in public health services and strategies for health systems, all in the context of profound socio-demographic transformations which critically impact all these systems.